Linux, UNIX

bash-3.00# umask 222 -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 28 00:58 ff3 bash-3.00# umask 555 --w--w--w- 1 root root 0 Apr 28 00:58 ff3 getfacl file2

one of the main places for putting your personalized tweaks is the ~/.profile When a new interactive shell is started, /etc/profile , followed by /etc/bash.bashrc (if bash shell), ~/.profile , and finally ~/.bashrc are executed in that order. It is best to put generic settings in ~/.profile and then bash-specific settings in ~/.bashrc SOLARIS: $HOME/.profile - primary user initialization files read at login The login shell executes the .profile file when you log in. You can customize environment variables and terminal settings in the .profile file to modify your working environment ~/.kshrc file contains shell variables and aliases - it is ENV var /bin/sh - shell path name /bin/ksh - shell path name /etc/.login file is a separate. This file sets up tasks that the Korn shell executes for every user who logs in If you want the changes to take effect immediately, you can source the .cshrc file and the .login file by using the source command

bash-3.00# cat sss for i in {1..6} do touch $i.txt done -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 17 01:56 1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 17 01:56 2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 17 01:56 3.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 17 01:56 4.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 17 01:56 5.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 17 01:56 6.txt

awk 'BEGIN {statements} {statements} END {statements}' bash-3.00# awk 'BEGIN {i=1} {i++} END {print i}' a.txt 15 bash-3.00# wc -l a.txt 14 a.txt bash-3.00# who root console Apr 10 15:17 (:0) root pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0) bash-3.00# who >> a.txt bash-3.00# wc -l a.txt 16 a.txt bash-3.00# awk 'BEGIN {i=1} {i++} END {print i}' a.txt 17 ------------------ Skip First Two Fields and Print the Rest of Line echo 'This is a test' | awk '{print substr($0, index($0,$3))}' a test ------------------- Select columns 1 and 5: cat a | awk '{print $1" "$5}' select line 3 cat a | awk 'FNR==3{print}' Print column with awk  ps aeu | awk '{print $2}' ----------------------- bash-3.00# echo -e 'test1\ntest2' | awk 'BEGIN{print"START"}{print} END{print"End"}' START test1 test2 End ---------------- Select 2 lines ...

bash-3.00# test=hello bash-3.00# echo hello world | sed 's/$test/HELLO/' hello world bash-3.00# echo hello world | sed "s/$test/HELLO/" HELLO world bash-3.00# echo '$test' $test bash-3.00# echo $test hello bash-3.00# echo "$test" hello ----------------- bash-3.00# sed 's/root/ROOT/' a.txt ROOT console Apr 10 15:17 (:0) ROOT pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0) bash-3.00# sed 's:root:ROOT:' a.txt ROOT console Apr 10 15:17 (:0) ROOT pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0) ------------------- [user@8126ef369b1b test]$ sed 's/:/\t/g' /etc/passwd > out                                                           ...

bash-3.00# echo -e '123\n456' 123 456 bash-3.00# echo -e 'test1\ntest2\n\ntest3\n' test1 test2 test3 bash-3.00# echo -e 'test1\ntest2\n\ntest3\n' | sed '/^$/d' test1 test2 test3 --------------- bash-3.00# echo -e '123\n456' 123 456 bash-3.00# echo '123\n456' 123\n456

greo -A -B line after before grep -- -1000 # grep negative value ---------------- bash-3.00# grep 15:[ 12 ][ 70 ] f[ 123 ].txt f1.txt:root console Apr 10 15:17 (:0) f1.txt:root pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0) f2.txt:root console Apr 10 15:17 (:0) f2.txt:root pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0) f3.txt:root console Apr 10 15:17 (:0) f3.txt:root pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0) ---------- bash-3.00# grep -l 'text' f* f.txt f1.txt f2.txt f3.txt ----------- * e - go to the end of the current word. * E - go to the end of the current WORD. * b - go to the previous (before) word. * B - go to the previous (before) WORD. * w - go to the next word. * W - go to the next WORD. grep -A <N> "string" FILENAME The following example prints the matched line, along with the 3 lines after it. ================ $ export GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto' GREP_COLOR='100;8...

[jJ][pP][Gg] = JPG, jpg, jPg..

sort us -rnk1 reverse sorting for 1 column Sorted output without duplicates cat names | sort | uniq  ------------------- bash-3.00# sort -n s.txt 1.Apple 2.Orange 3.TOmato 4.Potatoes 5.Carrot bash-3.00# sort -r s.txt 5.Carrot 4.Potatoes 3.TOmato 2.Orange 1.Apple bash-3.00# cat s.txt 1.Apple 2.Orange 3.TOmato 4.Potatoes 5.Carrot 1.Applie 2.Orange 5.Carrot bash-3.00# sort s.txt | uniq 1.Apple 1.Applie 2.Orange 3.TOmato 4.Potatoes 5.Carrot bash-3.00# sort s.txt | uniq -u 1.Apple 1.Applie 3.TOmato 4.Potatoes ---------------- sort file1 | uniq -d найти 2 одинаковые строки ---------------------- $ cat happybirthday.txt Happy Birthday to You! Happy Birthday to You! Happy Birthday Dear Tux! Happy Birthday to You! $ sort happybirthday.txt Happy Birthday Dear Tux! Happy Birthday to You! Happy Birthday to You! Happy Birthday to You! $ sort happybirthday.txt | uniq Happy Birthday Dear Tux! Happy Birthday to You! $ sort ...

bash-3.00# cat f.txt1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 bash-3.00# cat f.txt | xargs -n 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ---------------- echo "helloXhelloXhello" helloXhelloXhello ---------------- echo "helloXhelloXhello" | xargs -d X -n 2 hello hello hello ---------------- echo 12345 | tr '0-9' '987654321' 87654 echo 87654 | tr '987654321' '0-9' 12345

A shell script is a text file that typically begins with a shebang , as follows: #!/bin/bash For any scripting language in a Linux environment, a script starts with a special line called shebang. Shebang is a line for which #! # id uid=0(root) gid=0(root) # su oracle # id uid=100(oracle) gid=100(oinstall) # # # su - oracle Password: Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 Generic January 2005 -bash-3.00 $ --------------------- bash-3.00# echo this is a test line > input.txt bash-3.00# exec 3< input.txt #now we can use descriptor bash-3.00# cat <&3 this is a test line ------------------- bash-3.00# echo $0 bash bash-3.00# ls + 2 >out.txt bash-3.00# ls out.txt bash-3.00# cat out.txt +: No such file or directory bash-3.00# ls + +: No such file or directory bash: ./sc.sh: Permission denied bash-3.00# bash ./sc.sh Sun Apr 10 16:11:29 MSD 2011 test bash-3.00# bash -x ./sc.sh + date Sun Apr 10 16:11:41 MSD 2011 + sleep 2 + ech...