sed
bash-3.00# test=hello
bash-3.00# echo hello world | sed 's/$test/HELLO/'
hello world
bash-3.00# echo hello world | sed "s/$test/HELLO/"
HELLO world
bash-3.00# echo '$test'
$test
bash-3.00# echo $test
hello
bash-3.00# echo "$test"
hello
-----------------
bash-3.00# sed 's/root/ROOT/' a.txt
ROOT console Apr 10 15:17 (:0)
ROOT pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0)
bash-3.00# sed 's:root:ROOT:' a.txt
ROOT console Apr 10 15:17 (:0)
ROOT pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0)
-------------------
bash-3.00# echo hello world | sed 's/$test/HELLO/'
hello world
bash-3.00# echo hello world | sed "s/$test/HELLO/"
HELLO world
bash-3.00# echo '$test'
$test
bash-3.00# echo $test
hello
bash-3.00# echo "$test"
hello
-----------------
bash-3.00# sed 's/root/ROOT/' a.txt
ROOT console Apr 10 15:17 (:0)
ROOT pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0)
bash-3.00# sed 's:root:ROOT:' a.txt
ROOT console Apr 10 15:17 (:0)
ROOT pts/3 Apr 10 15:20 (:0.0)
-------------------
[user@8126ef369b1b test]$ sed 's/:/\t/g' /etc/passwd > out
[user@8126ef369b1b test]$ cat out
root x 0 0 root /root /bin/bash
bin x 1 1 bin /bin /sbin/nologin
daemon x 2 2 daemon /sbin /sbin/nologin
adm x 3 4 adm /var/adm /sbin/nologin
lp x 4 7 lp /var/spool/lpd /sbin/nologin
sync x 5 0 sync /sbin /bin/sync
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