sysstat sar disk statistics | CPU | Memory Free | Swap | IO | Network

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sysstat includes tools that can also report on CPU and RAM utilization. Although it’s true you can already do this with top, what makes sysstat even more useful is that it provides a simple mechanism to log system statistics like CPU load, RAM, and I/O stats. 
View Disk Statistics Another useful metric to pull from sar is disk statistics. The -b option gives you a basic list of disk I/O information: 

 $ sar -b Linux 2.6.24-22-server (kickseed) 
01/07/2012 07:44:20 PM tps rtps wtps bread/s bwrtn/s 
07:45:01 PM 8.03 0.00 8.03 0.00 106.61 
07:55:01 PM 8.78 0.14 8.64 3.35 127.59 
08:05:01 PM 7.16 0.00 7.16 0.00 61.14 
08:15:01 PM 8.17 0.14 8.03 5.82 139.02 
08:25:01 PM 9.50 0.06 9.44 4.09 212.62 
08:35:01 PM 8.27 0.00 8.27 0.01 74.66 
08:45:01 PM 8.04 0.00 8.04 0.00 71.51 
08:55:01 PM 7.64 0.00 7.64 0.00 66.46 
09:01:18 PM 7.11 0.00 7.11 0.36 63.73 
09:05:01 PM 7.61 0.00 7.61 0.00 72.11 
Average: 8.11 0.04 8.06 1.67 102.52 

 Here you can see the number of total transactions per second (tps) plus how many of those transactions were reads and writes (rtps and wtps, respectively). The bread/s column doesn’t measure bread I/O, instead it tells you the average number of bytes read per second. Similarly, the bwrtn/s tells you average bytes written per second.

CPU Usage of ALL CPUs (sar -u)

This gives the cumulative real-time CPU usage of all CPUs. “1 3” reports for every 1 seconds a total of 3 times. Most likely you’ll focus on the last field “%idle” to see the cpu load.

$ sar -u 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db)        03/26/2011      _i686_  (8 CPU)

01:27:32 PM       CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle
01:27:33 PM       all      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00    100.00
01:27:34 PM       all      0.25      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00     99.50
01:27:35 PM       all      0.75      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00     99.00
Average:          all      0.33      0.00      0.17      0.00      0.00     99.50

CPU Usage of Individual CPU or Core (sar -P)

If you have 4 Cores on the machine and would like to see what the individual cores are doing, do the following.
“-P ALL” indicates that it should displays statistics for ALL the individual Cores.
In the following example under “CPU” column 0, 1, 2, and 3 indicates the corresponding CPU core numbers.

$ sar -P ALL 1 1
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db)        03/26/2011      _i686_  (8 CPU)

01:34:12 PM       CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle
01:34:13 PM       all     11.69      0.00      4.71      0.69      0.00     82.90
01:34:13 PM         0     35.00      0.00      6.00      0.00      0.00     59.00
01:34:13 PM         1     22.00      0.00      5.00      0.00      0.00     73.00
01:34:13 PM         2      3.00      0.00      1.00      0.00      0.00     96.00
01:34:13 PM         3      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00    100.00

Memory Free and Used (sar -r)

This reports the memory statistics. “1 3” reports for every 1 seconds a total of 3 times. Most likely you’ll focus on “kbmemfree” and “kbmemused” for free and used memory.

$ sar -r 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db)        03/26/2011      _i686_  (8 CPU)

07:28:06 AM kbmemfree kbmemused  %memused kbbuffers  kbcached  kbcommit   %commit  kbactive   kbinact
07:28:07 AM   6209248   2097432     25.25    189024   1796544    141372      0.85   1921060     88204
07:28:08 AM   6209248   2097432     25.25    189024   1796544    141372      0.85   1921060     88204
07:28:09 AM   6209248   2097432     25.25    189024   1796544    141372      0.85   1921060     88204
Average:      6209248   2097432     25.25    189024   1796544    141372      0.85   1921060

Swap Space Used (sar -S)

This reports the swap statistics. “1 3” reports for every 1 seconds a total of 3 times. If the “kbswpused” and “%swpused” are at 0, then your system is not swapping.

$ sar -S 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db)        03/26/2011      _i686_  (8 CPU)

07:31:06 AM kbswpfree kbswpused  %swpused  kbswpcad   %swpcad
07:31:07 AM   8385920         0      0.00         0      0.00
07:31:08 AM   8385920         0      0.00         0      0.00
07:31:09 AM   8385920         0      0.00         0      0.00
Average:      8385920         0      0.00         0      0.00

Overall I/O Activities (sar -b)

This reports I/O statistics. “1 3” reports for every 1 seconds a total of 3 times.
Following fields are displays in the example below.
  • tps – Transactions per second (this includes both read and write)
  • rtps – Read transactions per second
  • wtps – Write transactions per second
  • bread/s – Bytes read per second
  • bwrtn/s – Bytes written per second

$ sar -b 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db)        03/26/2011      _i686_  (8 CPU)

01:56:28 PM       tps      rtps      wtps   bread/s   bwrtn/s
01:56:29 PM    346.00    264.00     82.00   2208.00    768.00
01:56:30 PM    100.00     36.00     64.00    304.00    816.00
01:56:31 PM    282.83     32.32    250.51    258.59   2537.37
Average:       242.81    111.04    131.77    925.75   1369.90

Report network statistics (sar -n)

This reports various network statistics. For example: number of packets received (transmitted) through the network card, statistics of packet failure etc.,. “1 3” reports for every 1 seconds a total of 3 times.
sar -n KEYWORD
KEYWORD can be one of the following:
  • DEV – Displays network devices vital statistics for eth0, eth1, etc.,
  • EDEV – Display network device failure statistics
  • NFS – Displays NFS client activities
  • NFSD – Displays NFS server activities
  • SOCK – Displays sockets in use for IPv4
  • IP – Displays IPv4 network traffic
  • EIP – Displays IPv4 network errors
  • ICMP – Displays ICMPv4 network traffic
  • EICMP – Displays ICMPv4 network errors
  • TCP – Displays TCPv4 network traffic
  • ETCP – Displays TCPv4 network errors
  • UDP – Displays UDPv4 network traffic
  • SOCK6, IP6, EIP6, ICMP6, UDP6 are for IPv6
  • ALL – This displays all of the above information. The output will be very long.

$ sar -n DEV 1 1
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5PAE (dev-db)        03/26/2011      _i686_  (8 CPU)

01:11:13 PM     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s   rxbyt/s   txbyt/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
01:11:14 PM        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
01:11:14 PM      eth0    342.57    342.57  93923.76 141773.27      0.00      0.00      0.00
01:11:14 PM      eth1      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.

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