stat ls -i inode

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=> File type (executable, block special etc)
=> Permissions (read, write etc)
=> Owner
=> Group
=> File Size
=> File access, change and modification time (remember UNIX or Linux never stores file creation time, this is favorite question asked in UNIX/Linux sys admin job interview)
=> File deletion time
=> Number of links (soft/hard)
=> Extended attribute such as append only or no one can delete file including root user (immutability)
=> Access Control List (ACLs)
All the above information stored in an inode. In short the inode identifies the file and its attributes (as above) . Each inode is identified by a unique inode number within the file system. Inode is also know as index number.

inode definition

An inode is a data structure on a traditional Unix-style file system such as UFS or ext3. An inode stores basic information about a regular file, directory, or other file system object.
[b] stat command : display file or file system status

ls command

Type ls command with -i ( print the index number of each file ) option:
$ ls -i /etc/passwd
Output:
752010 /etc/passwd
752010 is index number (inode) for /etc/passwd file.

Display file system status

You can display file system status instead of file status. For example, display status for / file system:
$ stat -f /
Output:
  File: "/"
    ID: 0        Namelen: 255     Type: ext2/ext3
Block size: 4096       Fundamental block size: 4096
Blocks: Total: 32161831   Free: 30458361   Available: 28798245
Inodes: Total: 33226752   Free: 33135357

stat -c command

stat -c "%A %G %U %x" ~

stat command

$ stat /etc/passwd
Output:
  File: `/etc/passwd'
  Size: 2026            Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: 811h/2065d      Inode: 752010      Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Access: 2007-08-20 23:19:20.000000000 +0530
Modify: 2007-07-07 00:06:56.000000000 +0530
Change: 2007-07-07 00:06:56.000000000 +0530

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