vi hotkeys: set list G 1G yy p /str ?str I A !!cmd :.= @: :%s/foo/bar/g :s/foo/bar/g
set list
G - end of file
1G/gg - begin of file
700G - line 700
:.= Shows current line number
yy Yank the current line
$ Move to the end of the line
p Put after the position or after the line
P Put before the position or before the line
Control-u Move backward ½ screen
Control-d Move forward ½ screen
/string Search forward for string
?string Search back for string
Insert before cursor
I Insert before line
a Append after cursor
A Append after line
o Open a new line after current line
O Open a new line before current line
!! cmd - Executes shell command cmd, places output in file starting at current line
The "." command repeats the last change made in normal mode. For example, if you press dw to delete a word, you can then press . to delete another word (. is dot, aka period or full stop).
The "@:" command repeats the last command-line change (a command invoked with ":", for example :s/old/new/).
Basic search and replace
The :substitute command searches for a text pattern, and replaces it with a text string. There are many options, but these are what you probably want:
:%s/foo/bar/g
Find each occurrence of 'foo' (in all lines), and replace it with 'bar'.
:s/foo/bar/g
Find each occurrence of 'foo' (in the current line only), and replace it with 'bar'.
:%s/foo/bar/gc
Change each 'foo' to 'bar', but ask for confirmation first.
:%s/\<foo\>/bar/gc
Change only whole words exactly matching 'foo' to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
:%s/foo/bar/gci
Change each 'foo' (case insensitive due to the i flag) to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
:%s/foo\c/bar/gc is the same because \c makes the search case insensitive.
This may be wanted after using :set noignorecase to make searches case sensitive (the default).
:%s/foo/bar/gcI
Change each 'foo' (case sensitive due to the I flag) to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
:%s/foo\C/bar/gc is the same because \C makes the search case sensitive.
This may be wanted after using :set ignorecase to make searches case insensitive.
The g flag means global – each occurrence in the line is changed, rather than just the first. This tip assumes the default setting for the 'gdefault' and 'edcompatible' option (off), which requires that the g flag be included in %s///g to perform a global substitute. Using :set gdefault creates confusion because then %s/// is global, whereas %s///g is not (that is, g reverses its meaning).
When using the c flag, you need to confirm for each match what to do. Vim will output something like: replace with foobar (y/n/a/q/l/^E/^Y)? (where foobar is the replacement part of the :s/.../.../ command. You can type y which means to substitute this match, n to skip this match, a to substitute this and all remaining matches ("all" remaining matches), q to quit the command, l to substitute this match and quit (think of "last"), ^E to scroll the screen up by holding the Ctrl key and pressing E and ^Y to scroll the screen down by holding the Ctrl key and pressing Y. However, the last two choices are only available, if your Vim is a normal, big or huge built or the insert_expand feature was enabled at compile time (look for +insert_expand in the output of :version).
G - end of file
1G/gg - begin of file
700G - line 700
:.= Shows current line number
yy Yank the current line
$ Move to the end of the line
p Put after the position or after the line
P Put before the position or before the line
Control-u Move backward ½ screen
Control-d Move forward ½ screen
/string Search forward for string
?string Search back for string
Insert before cursor
I Insert before line
a Append after cursor
A Append after line
o Open a new line after current line
O Open a new line before current line
!! cmd - Executes shell command cmd, places output in file starting at current line
The "." command repeats the last change made in normal mode. For example, if you press dw to delete a word, you can then press . to delete another word (. is dot, aka period or full stop).
The "@:" command repeats the last command-line change (a command invoked with ":", for example :s/old/new/).
Basic search and replace
The :substitute command searches for a text pattern, and replaces it with a text string. There are many options, but these are what you probably want:
:%s/foo/bar/g
Find each occurrence of 'foo' (in all lines), and replace it with 'bar'.
:s/foo/bar/g
Find each occurrence of 'foo' (in the current line only), and replace it with 'bar'.
:%s/foo/bar/gc
Change each 'foo' to 'bar', but ask for confirmation first.
:%s/\<foo\>/bar/gc
Change only whole words exactly matching 'foo' to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
:%s/foo/bar/gci
Change each 'foo' (case insensitive due to the i flag) to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
:%s/foo\c/bar/gc is the same because \c makes the search case insensitive.
This may be wanted after using :set noignorecase to make searches case sensitive (the default).
:%s/foo/bar/gcI
Change each 'foo' (case sensitive due to the I flag) to 'bar'; ask for confirmation.
:%s/foo\C/bar/gc is the same because \C makes the search case sensitive.
This may be wanted after using :set ignorecase to make searches case insensitive.
The g flag means global – each occurrence in the line is changed, rather than just the first. This tip assumes the default setting for the 'gdefault' and 'edcompatible' option (off), which requires that the g flag be included in %s///g to perform a global substitute. Using :set gdefault creates confusion because then %s/// is global, whereas %s///g is not (that is, g reverses its meaning).
When using the c flag, you need to confirm for each match what to do. Vim will output something like: replace with foobar (y/n/a/q/l/^E/^Y)? (where foobar is the replacement part of the :s/.../.../ command. You can type y which means to substitute this match, n to skip this match, a to substitute this and all remaining matches ("all" remaining matches), q to quit the command, l to substitute this match and quit (think of "last"), ^E to scroll the screen up by holding the Ctrl key and pressing E and ^Y to scroll the screen down by holding the Ctrl key and pressing Y. However, the last two choices are only available, if your Vim is a normal, big or huge built or the insert_expand feature was enabled at compile time (look for +insert_expand in the output of :version).
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