Linux, UNIX

Mainteance of Linux System part 2 $tar cvpf /mnt/zip/tarball1 /home /etc tar options: --diff (short d) --compare Tar commands for incremental and differential backups: $Tar cvpf /mnt/zip/tarball1 --newer 20May02 /home /etc This command backups all data since 20May02 Linux-backup.net Tar restore: $rm linux-syllabus.txt In tar backups "/" are removed /home/perry/linux...... $cd / $tar xvpf /mnt/zip/tarball1 home/perry/linux-syllabus.txt $tar tvpf /mnt/zip/tarball1 | more - lists all contents of archive SWAP Space vs. Main Memory (RAM) Active to Idel and vice verse How much memory and SWAP should you have? $free $free -s 5 - runs free every 5 seconds SWAP PARTITIONS $su $dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=1024 (add 1 mbyte swap file) $mkswap /swapfile $swapon /swapfile $free $swapoff /swapfile - turn off swapfile #df - display available space #man gdb - GNU Debugger Gdb -c corefile --- shows what program

id - print user identity apropos - search the manual page names and descriptions apt - Advanced Package Tool APT is a management system for software packages. Apt returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error Way How to change passwords for all users: 1) create filetochangeps username01:password01 username02:password02 username03:password03 2) chpasswd < filetochangeps