readlink -f - My programs and scripts needs a real path and not a a symbolic link

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readlink -f file1

 /home/user/dir/file1

 =======================

 My programs and scripts needs a real path and not a a symbolic link. How to I determine a real path of any directory under Linux / UNIX like operating systems? How do I remove references to /./, /../ and extra ‘/’ character in path?

 Use

 readlink -f /path/to/file/or/dir 

 command under RHEL / CentOS.

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